What strategy can effectively teach addition and subtraction?

Employing number lines and manipulatives is an effective strategy for teaching addition and subtraction because it engages students in a hands-on and visual way. Number lines help students understand the concept of counting forward and backward, reinforcing the foundational principles of addition and subtraction. Manipulatives, such as counting blocks, counters, or beads, allow students to physically manipulate objects, making abstract concepts more concrete. This tactile experience can help students grasp how numbers interact during addition and subtraction, fostering a deeper understanding of these operations.

Additionally, this approach supports various learning styles, catering to visual, tactile, and kinesthetic learners, which can enhance overall comprehension and retention of mathematical concepts. In contrast, solely relying on technology, memorization, or worksheets may not provide the same depth of understanding, as these methods can be more passive and less engaging for students.